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Pain and Spine Medicine

Multidimensional Associations of Chronic Pain in a Demographically Representative Sample of U.S. Adults

Thursday, October 23, 2025
5:00 PM - 6:30 PM MT
Location: Open Kiosks
Has Audio
Disclosure(s):
Kyle Agostini, Other: No financial relationships to disclose
Ashlyn D. Acheson, Other: No financial relationships to disclose
Robert N. Agnello, DO: No financial relationships to disclose
Thomas M. Motyka, DO, MHPE, MSc, FACP: No financial relationships to disclose
Background and/or Objectives:

Background: Pain perception is a complex phenomenon influenced by physiological and psychological factors. Identifying predictors of chronic pain is essential for enhancing clinical screening and refining risk stratification methods.

Objective: To identify demographic and psychological associations with chronic pain using a nationally representative sample.

Design: An online quota-controlled cross-sectional study (N=3,022) matched 2024 U.S. census demographics and collected medical histories, socioeconomic data, and psychometric assessments, including Big Five Inventory Openness and Neuroticism, Locus of Control Scale, and Thought Impact Scale. Statistical analysis employed Pearson Chi-Square tests, Welch t-tests for bivariate associations, and multivariable logistic regression to control for confounders and assess predictive significance.

Setting : Participants completed the online survey at their discretion, wherever they were most comfortable.

Participants : The participants were enrolled using an online survey administration platform. The enrolled population consists of a demographically representative sample of US adults according to 2024 U.S. census data.

Interventions: Information on demographics, medical history, and psychometrics were collected and compared across groups.

Main Outcome Measures: Main outcome measures were differences in proportions and means of demographic, medical diagnoses, and psychological scale variables between subjects with and without chronic pain.

Results: Multivariate analysis indicated that individuals with higher openness scores (odds ratio = 1.046, 95% CI: 1.020–1.072) and lower Locus of Control scores (odds ratio = 0.966, 95% CI: 0.948–0.985) were more likely to experience chronic pain.

Conclusions: After adjustment for all variables, psychometric variables continue to influence the relationship with chronic pain prevalence. Future research should further investigate these psychometric associations and could incorporate a longitudinal design with more scales.